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died AD 93

Arulenus Rusticus

In AD 66 he offered to veto the Senate's verdict on Thrasea Paetus, and Thrasea talked him out of it. In 93 he wrote Thrasea's praise and paid for it with his life.

Who he was

Quintus Junius Arulenus Rusticus belonged to the circle around Thrasea Paetus, the group modern historians call the Stoic opposition. He was a tribune of the people in 66, a praetor in 69 and, late in life, consul in 92. In 69, during the civil war, the Senate sent him as an envoy to troops marching on Rome. They attacked the delegation and wounded him, and Tacitus finds the outrage the worse for his office and his personal standing.

The veto he did not use

In 66 Nero steered the Senate into condemning Thrasea. Rusticus, young and, Tacitus says, eager for glory, offered to use his power as tribune to veto the decree. Thrasea stopped him. It would be futile, he said: it would not save the accused and it would destroy the man who tried. His own life was finished, but Rusticus stood at the start of his career and should weigh carefully what road into public life he meant to take in times like these. The walk out that had begun it all is told in the case Thrasea and the walk out of the Senate.

The letter he left sealed

Plutarch tells a scene he witnessed himself. He was lecturing in Rome, with Rusticus in the audience, when a soldier came in and handed Rusticus a letter from the emperor. The room fell silent and Plutarch paused so that he could read it. Rusticus would not. He left the letter sealed until the lecture was over and the audience had gone.

The book

In 93, the year after his consulship, he was condemned for having written the praise of Thrasea, and executed. His books were burned in the Forum, together with the life of Helvidius Priscus by Herennius Senecio. His brother Junius Mauricus and his wife Gratilla were banished. The informer Regulus, Pliny reports, celebrated the death and published a speech calling Rusticus the ape of the Stoics, branded with his scar from the civil war.

What is fixed and what is not

Tacitus, Pliny and Plutarch all knew people involved, and Plutarch was in the room for the letter. The book is lost. Tacitus says Rusticus praised Thrasea; Suetonius says he praised both Thrasea and Helvidius and called them the most upright of men. A later Junius Rusticus, the teacher of Marcus Aurelius, is generally thought to have been his grandson.

Why he is on this site

Thrasea did the sorting for him in 66: the verdict was not his to change, his own future was. Rusticus kept that future, and 27 years later spent it on the one thing that was his, putting into writing what he thought of a good man. The sealed letter is the same lesson in miniature. The emperor's message would keep. His attention was his.

SourcesTacitus, Annals 16.26, Histories 3.80, Agricola 2; Suetonius, Domitian 10; Pliny the Younger, Letters 1.5 and 3.11; Plutarch, On Curiosity 15.
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Cases in which he appears

Agrippinus and the verdict before lunchCasesHelvidius Priscus and the emperorCasesThrasea and the walk out of the SenateCasesFannia and the forbidden bookCasesDemetrius and the emperor's giftCases

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